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Refinery Sour Water: Defining Sulphide Measurement and Sample Safety
Define the sulphide measurand, process sample point and safe engineered sample handling for refinery sour-water monitoring.
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Boiler Water Sampling: How to Get a Representative Online Measurement
Plan representative boiler-water sampling by defining the sample point, conditioning, transport delay, reference method and safe operating controls.
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Water Hardness Explained: Total, Calcium and Magnesium Hardness
Total hardness, calcium hardness and magnesium hardness are related but distinct. Define which result is needed and how it will be reported.
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Online Sulphate Monitoring in Industrial Wastewater: Questions to Specify First
Before monitoring sulphate, define the reporting basis, process stream, expected range and reference method for the actual wastewater matrix.
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Caustic Scrubber Control: Why pH Is Not the Same as Sodium Hydroxide Strength
Scrubber-liquor pH and caustic concentration are related but distinct process measurements. Define the control objective before choosing an analyser.
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Alkalinity vs pH: Why They Tell You Different Things About Water
pH describes the current acid-base condition; alkalinity describes acid-neutralising capacity. Learn why a pH value cannot stand in for alkalinity.
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Chlorine Residual vs Hypochlorite Dose: What Should Operators Monitor?
The hypochlorite feed is not the same as the residual left after treatment. Define the chlorine species and measurement point before monitoring.
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Nitrate vs Nitrite in Wastewater: Choose the Right Measurement Basis
Nitrate and nitrite are related nitrogen species, not interchangeable results. Define the species, units and process location before specifying monitoring.
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Online Aluminium Monitoring After Coagulant Dosing: What Should You Measure?
Define the aluminium fraction, sampling point and verification basis before using online results to review treatment performance.
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Why Monitor Iron After Ferric Dosing for Phosphorus Removal?
Learn why sewage treatment works may monitor residual iron after ferric dosing, and how to define the result, sample point and verification method.
